George Albert Boulenger

Early life and education

Boulenger was born in Brussels, Belgium, the only son of Gustave Boulenger, a Belgian public notary, and Juliette Piérart, from Valenciennes. He graduated in 1876 from the Free University of Brussels with a degree in natural sciences, and worked for a while at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, as an assistant naturalist studying amphibians, reptiles, and fishes. He also made frequent visits during this time to the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris and the British Museum in London.

Career

Boulenger developed a lifelong passion for animals, which led him to study zoology at the university. During his university years, he gained recognition at the Musee d'Histoire Naturelle, Brussels and was hired as an assistant naturalist in 1880. Two years later, he joined the British Museum's Department of Zoology as a first-class assistant, under the leadership of Dr. Gunther. Boulenger held this position until his retirement in 1920.

According to biographical accounts, he was incredibly methodical and had an amazing memory that enabled him to remember every specimen and scientific name he ever saw. He also had extraordinary powers of writing, seldom made a second draft of anything he wrote, and his manuscripts showed but few corrections before going to the publisher.

Boulenger also played the violin, could speak French, German, and English apart from reading Spanish, Italian and a bit of Russian. As a zoologist, he also had a working knowledge of both Greek and Latin.

By 1921, Boulenger had published 875 papers totaling more than 5,000 pages, as well as 19 monographs on fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. The list of his publications and its index of species cover 77 printed pages.

He described 1,096 species of fish, 556 species of amphibians, and 872 species of reptiles. He was famous for his monographs on amphibians, lizards and other reptiles, and fishes, for example, his monographs on the fishes of Africa.

He was a member of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists and was elected its first honorary member in 1935. In 1937, Belgium conferred on him the Order of Leopold, the highest honor awarded to a civilian.

Personal life

His son, Edward George Boulenger (1888–1946), was also a zoologist and held the post of Director of the London Zoo Aquarium.

Work on cave-dwelling fish

In 1897, King Leopold II of Belgium started to recruit naturalists to help create the Congo museum. Boulenger was named chairman for this commission.

His main discovery in 1921 was a strange fish from the Congo. It was eyeless and lacked pigmentation. He recognized it as new and unrelated to any extant epigean (eyed, surface) species of Africa. He wrote a brief paper describing this new species of cave fish, the first ever described from Africa. He called it Caecobarbus geertsii, from caeco = blind, barbus = barb, and geertsii, honoring a mysterious person, M. Geerts, who provided him with the specimen. Today, it is known as the Congo blind barb or African blind barb.

Later life and death

After his retirement from the British Museum, Boulenger studied roses and published 34 papers on botanical subjects and two volumes on the roses of Europe. He died in Saint Malo, France.

Honours

1912: Member of the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium.

Taxa described by him

See Category:Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger

Boulenger described hundreds of reptile taxa; 587 species described by him are still recognised today. He also described many amphibians and fishes.

Taxa named in his honor

These 26 reptile species, recognised today, bear George Boulenger's name in the specific name, as boulengeri, boulengerianus, or boulengerii :

Agama boulengeri Lataste, 1886 – Boulenger's agama

Anolis boulengerianus Thominot, 1887 – Tehuantepec anole

Atractaspis boulengeri Mocquard, 1897 – Boulenger's burrowing asp

Atractus boulengerii Peracca, 1896 – Boulenger's centipede snake

Brachymeles boulengeri Taylor, 1922 – Boulenger's short-legged skink

Chalcides boulengeri Anderson, 1892 – Boulenger's sand skink

Cnemaspis boulengerii Strauch, 1887 – Con Dao rock gecko

Compsophis boulengeri (Peracca, 1892) – Boulenger's forest snake

Cylindrophis boulengeri Roux, 1911 – Timor pipesnake

Dendragama boulengeri Doria, 1888 – Boulenger's tree agama

Elapsoidea boulengeri Boettger, 1895 – Boulenger's gartersnake

Feylinia boulengeri Chabanaud, 1917 – gabon legless skink

Hebius boulengeri (Gressitt, 1937) – Tai-Yong keelback

Enyalius boulengeri Etheridge, 1969 – Brazilian fathead anole

Epacrophis boulengeri (Boettger, 1913) – Lamu blindsnake

Gonyosoma boulengeri (Mocquard, 1897) – rhinoceros ratsnake

Chersobius boulengeri Duerden, 1906 – Karoo padloper

Liolaemus boulengeri Koslowsky, 1898 – Boulenger's tree lizard

Morethia boulengeri (Ogilby, 1890) – Boulenger's snake-eyed skink

Nucras boulengeri Neumann, 1900 – Ugandan savanna lizard

Pareas boulengeri (Angel, 1920) – Boulenger's slug snake

Xenoxybelis boulengeri (Procter, 1923) – southern sharp-nosed snake

Rhampholeon boulengeri Steindachner, 1911 – Boulenger's pygmy chameleon

Scolecoseps boulengeri Loveridge, 1920 – Moçambique legless skink

Trachyboa boulengeri Peracca, 1910 – northern eyelash boa

Trachylepis boulengeri (Sternfeld, 1911) – Boulenger's skink

The water cobra genus Boulengerina was named for G.A. Boulenger, but it is now treated as a subgenus of Naja containing four species: Naja annulata (water cobra), Naja christyi (Congo water cobra), Naja melanoleuca (forest cobra), and Naja multifasciata (burrowing cobra).

Fish species named after Boulenger

Euchilichthys boulengeri Nichols & La Monte 1934

The catfish Heterobranchus boulengeri Pellegrin, 1922

Hyphessobrycon boulengeri (Eigenmann, 1907)

Labeobarbus boulengeri Vreven, Musschoot, Snoeks & Schliewen, 2016

Lepidiolamprologus boulengeri (Steindachner, 1909)

Xenophysogobio boulengeri (T. L. Tchang, 1929) was named for Boulenger, who provided "some guidance" (translation) in the completion of Tchang's paper.

In the above lists, a binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than the genus to which it is currently assigned.

Fish genera named after Boulenger

The pike characin genus Boulengerella Eigenmann, 1903

The cichlid genus Boulengerochromis Pellegrin, 1904

The mormyrid genus Boulengeromyrus Taverne & Géry, 1968